2.2.2. Goal-directed protocols
Patients treated empirically for hemorrhage-associated coagulopathy with blood components in fixed ratios may receive blood products they do not need, or in excess of what was required to correct a bleeding diathesis, creating exposure to unnecessary or excessive risk ; and other patients may not receive a product that was indicated, or may not receive it in a timely manner. Routine evaluation of the coagulation system by standard laboratory test of coagulation are performed on platelet-poor plasma and do not reflect the important contribution of cellular elements to coagulation. Moreover, these tests have not been validated for accuracy in bleeding patients. Prothrombin fragment 1.2 and thrombin-antithrombin complexes have been used as markers of thrombin generation in the setting of hemorrhage, but these may be unpredictably influenced by other variables. Measures of coagulation more relevant to DCR may include assessment of specific physical properties such as rate of clot formation, clot strength, and the resistance of the newly formed clot to lysis. The use of systems to assay these properties and to monitor and guide transfusion therapy in hemorrhaging trauma patients is referred to as goal-directed DCR. Three systems, SONOCLOT®, thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry , are used in clinical laboratory or point-of-care coagulation testing as an integrated assessment of the kinetics of clot formation and lysis, and the physical properties of clot strength and elasticity in vitro, which more accurately reflect hemostasis in vivo.
2.2.2 การเป้าหมายกำกับการโพรโทคอลPatients treated empirically for hemorrhage-associated coagulopathy with blood components in fixed ratios may receive blood products they do not need, or in excess of what was required to correct a bleeding diathesis, creating exposure to unnecessary or excessive risk ; and other patients may not receive a product that was indicated, or may not receive it in a timely manner. Routine evaluation of the coagulation system by standard laboratory test of coagulation are performed on platelet-poor plasma and do not reflect the important contribution of cellular elements to coagulation. Moreover, these tests have not been validated for accuracy in bleeding patients. Prothrombin fragment 1.2 and thrombin-antithrombin complexes have been used as markers of thrombin generation in the setting of hemorrhage, but these may be unpredictably influenced by other variables. Measures of coagulation more relevant to DCR may include assessment of specific physical properties such as rate of clot formation, clot strength, and the resistance of the newly formed clot to lysis. The use of systems to assay these properties and to monitor and guide transfusion therapy in hemorrhaging trauma patients is referred to as goal-directed DCR. Three systems, SONOCLOT®, thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry , are used in clinical laboratory or point-of-care coagulation testing as an integrated assessment of the kinetics of clot formation and lysis, and the physical properties of clot strength and elasticity in vitro, which more accurately reflect hemostasis in vivo.
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