The success of Paphiopedilum micropropagation utilizing ex vitro-derived explants has been relatively limited due to not only the rarity of materials but also the bacterial and fungal decontamination of ex vitro-derived explants and the poor development of explants that survive under in vitro conditions (Stewart and Button 1975; Huang 1988). Indeed, Paphiopedilum species and hybrids remain the only commercially grown orchids that are not cloned (Huang 1988; Liao et al. 2011; Ng and Saleh 2011). So far, there have been only three reports of Paphiopedilum micropropagation from ex vitro-derived explants (Stewart