acceptable range of the prediction criterion. More recently, Ventrone
et al. [7] presented a detailed method of turbine performance
prediction through the definition of a runner momentum coefficient,
jR, which describes the specific momentum work performed
within the runner proper assuming zero incident losses. For the
four pumps tested the proposed method gives values within ±4% of
experimental values, although a larger sample size is needed to
verify the reliability of the proposed method. Moreover, the
method requires specific knowledge of pump geometric parameters,
as well as performance curves, and is therefore limited in its
ability as a pump selection tool as these details are often not readily
available.
Consequently, due to the nature and constraints of micro-hydro
sites, if the installed BEP is found to differ to some degree from the
predicted operating point the PAT will operate at sub-optimal efficiency
for a high proportion of its operational life.
Recent work by Alexander and Giddens [8], and Alexander et al.
[9] has investigated an extensive range of modular, fixed geometry
microhydro turbine units. The turbine units described are designed
for ease of manufacture and consistantly obtain hydraulic efficiencies
greater than 70%. Most importantly, perhaps, is the scaleability
of the units, providing micro-hydro developers with units
whereby the performance at site conditions may be well predicted.
However, as with traditional PAT units, the lack of inlet flow control
may somewhat limit the efficient turbine operating range.
This paper presents the development of a turbine using an offthe-
shelf pump impeller together with a customised housing
incorporating inlet flow control.Working initially from established
PAT theory the design and performance testing of a hydraulic turbine
unit suitable for use in rural micro-hydro and energy recovery
installations is given. The resulting design provides a cost effective
power generator in comparison to small scale Francis turbines
while providing a greater operational range than traditional pumpas-
turbine units. In typical micro-hydro power applications, where
water storage catchments or industrial operating conditions may
vary, the improved off-design efficiency is highly desirable.