Vaccination is aimed at protecting animals from infectious agents and plays an
important role in public health. No vaccine, however, is
completely effective or without adverse reactions, and
vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) do occur, albeit
infrequently, after vaccinations. Epidemiological surveys in
the United Kingdom (Gaskell et al., 2002) and the United
States (Moore et al., 2005) identified the rates for VAAEs as
0.093 and 38.2/10,000 vaccinated dogs, respectively.