With respect to the relevance of situational stressors, Lazarus (1991) mentions formal properties, such as novelty, event uncertainty, ambiguity and temporal aspects of the stressing conditions. For example, demands that are difficult, ambiguous, unannounced, not preparable, to be worked on both for a long time and under time pressure, are more likely to induce threat perceptions than easy tasks that can be prepared for thoroughly and can be solved under convenient pace and time conditions. Regarding content, environmental aspects can be distinguished with respect to the stakes involved by the kind of a given situation. For example, threatening social situations imply interpersonal threat, the danger of physical injury is perceived as physical threat, and anticipated failures endangering self-worth indicate ego-threat. Lazarus additionally distinguishes between task-specific stress, including cognitive demands and other formal task properties, from failure-induced stress, including evaluation aspects such as social feedback, valence of goal, possibilities of failure, or actual failures. By and large, unfavorable task conditions combined with failure-inducing situational cues are likely to provoke feelings of distress.