The impact of sustained growth on the environment has been widely discussed in the economic literature. Several
studies have investigated the relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income, mostly by using
the framework of Kuznets curve, which was introduced by Kuznets (1955), known as the inverted-U-shaped curve.
This hypothesis, which suggests a U-shaped relationship between two variables, implies a non-linear relationship
that is applicable in many countries. The key indicators used to capture the changes in environmental conditions
have been developed and used in many countries. A high rate of economic growth has been a primary and
permanent goal of government and society, particularly in developing countries. The increase in economic growth is
related to an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services; consequently, this may lead to an
increase in the multiplied goods of the people and income per capita consumption. Technological development has
been considered as having the potential to diminish or exacerbate the effects of economic growth; however, this
depends on the net result regarding increased or decreased per capita natural resource consumption.