Introduction
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the introduction of
a fecal suspension derived from a healthy donor into the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract of a diseased individual. While
not a new therapeutic concept [1, 2], it has, over the last
few years, experienced a significant growth in interest, with
an evolving methodology and clinical indications largely due
to two factors: (1) the global CDI epidemic and (2) a growing
appreciation of the complexity of the GI microbiome and its
active role in health and disease. FMT is no longer considered
an “alternative,” last-resort medical practice but, rather,
is now gaining mainstream acceptance as a valuable, although
still poorly understood, therapy with biological plausibility.
This is reflected in the increasing number of scientific
publications related to FMT. In this review, we will
summarize the latest evidence, indications, and methods of
administering FMT, and provide some insight into future
directions and therapeutic potentials.