Participants and setting
The studies included were published between 2002 and 2014 and were conducted in the United States and in the US and Canada, focusing on either breast cancer or cervical cancer screening. The target populations were ethnic minority women in the countries under study,African Americans , Latinos or Hispanics , Pacific Islanders, and Chinese Americans . The participants mean age ranged from 29.8 to 55.8. The sample size ranged from 31 to 1241, with participants recruited from either community or healthcare settings