The authors assessed only inpatients with CES-D scores above 15 and three or more criterion symptoms. Patients indicated their depression was severe by answering “yes” to one or more of the following questions (asked of patients with CES-D scores above 15 and three or more criterion symptoms [N=150]): “Have you taken medication for it [current depressive episode]?,” “Did you tell a doctor about this recent spell of depression?,” “Did you tell another professional about it?,” “Has this spell interfered with your life or activities a lot?”