1. Arun Rajagopal was part of the team that worked on some aspects of the rebranding. You can read about it on his blog.
2. The logo was done by TBWA's local team in Oman, TBWA/ZEENAH. The aircraft color scheme was designed by Airbus Industrie. The first plane with the new logo and colors is to arrive today. I think they should have waited till the plane arrived to do the launch instead of doing a launch at the Shangri-La.
3. According to Oman Air's press release:
The new logo — a gold and silver swirl — represents the contemporary rendition of frankincense smoke. Much sought after by the world since ancient days, Omani frankincense is one of the most powerful and evocative expressions of the nation’s vibrant history, culture, heritage and people. Gold represents excellence and achievement and embodies the timeless traditions and the bountiful natural wealth of Oman. Silver represents the enduring and vibrant heritage of Oman, which has been reflected in intricate and exquisite silver artifacts such as the khanjar, jewellery and more.
The turquoise blue: "Symbolic of the infinite blue of the sky and sea, turquoise blue denotes the legendary hospitality and welcoming nature of Oman to travelers since ancient days."
Update 2: From the Filton Airfield Enthusiasts blog, a picture of the first Oman Air plane with the new colors as it left Air Livery after undergoing the repaint. Interestingly, according to the blog the plane arrived there on the 16th of this month, so a repaint takes about a week.