While there is empirical support for the importance of cognitively challenging adult/child conversations around shared-book reading in supporting stronger vocabulary skills among children,several researchers have recognized the existence of a variety of adult- and child-level variables that may moderate the effects of shared-book reading on vocabulary outcomes. Thus, as noted above, although results are mixed, there is some evidence that a child’s ability to profit from shared-book reading is moderated by initial levels of vocabulary, such that children with more initial language benefit more from more challenging talk whereas those with less initial language skills profit most from more literal styles(Hindman, Connor, Jewkes, & Morrison, 2008; Zucker et al., 2013)