Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), are high-molecular weight compounds secreted by microorganisms into their environment.[1] EPS establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms, and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physiochemical properties of a biofilm.[2]
Capsular exopolysaccharides can protect pathogenic bacteria and contribute to their pathogenicity[citation needed]. Attachment of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to plant roots and soil particles, which is important for colonisation of rhizosphere and roots and for infection of the plant, can be mediated by exopolysaccharides as well[citation needed]. An example for industrial use of exopolysaccharides is the application of dextran in panettone and other breads in the bakery industry.[8] Exopolysaccharides also have an important role in endodontic infections.