87. Lesson 5. Farmers are fully capable of adapting to many important aspects of climate risk. While clearly there are climate change impacts beyond the farmer‘s and other producer‘s abilities and capacity to adapt, there are many other adaptations that farmer can make privately (autonomous adaptation). In Viet Nam, examples of this include changes in sowing dates, switching to drought-tolerant crops, adoption of salinity-tolerant varieties of rice, adoption of new varieties for other crops, switching to rice-fish rotation, switching from maize to livestock, etc. However, lack of credit, too high (relative to economic status) investment costs, risk aversion, lack of information or of timely access to inputs, etc. can create substantial barriers to farmer-led adaptation. Therefore support for long-term adaptation strategies should include greater investment in ARD: development and dissemination of technologies; improved quality and access to inputs (e.g. new varieties), access to output markets, services (credit and extension), and education and training for livelihood diversification within and outside agriculture (World Bank, 2010b; IFPRI, 2011).