CONSEQUENCES OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION Adverse consequences of AKI depend on the phase of the illness: initiation (damage is in progess), maintenance (renal injury is established) and recovery. Generally the fi rst two phases are oliguric, and polyuria occurs during the recovery phase. In advanced CKD, oliguric effects predominate. Fluid and electrolyte disturbances (including hypertension, oedema and heart failure), uraemia, anaemia and infection may all have a bad effect on the outcomes for patients.