During baseline, the teachers instructed their class as they would normally. During class instruction and silent work time, standard class rules indicated that students were expected to remain seated unless they got permission to get up, remain quiet unless they had been addressed by the teacher or raised their hand and been called upon, and they were not allowed to make physical
contact with other students. The teachers enforced class rules with verbal reprimand sporadically, if at all. Observations were not announced to the class and observers did not interact with students.