For simplicity, we can normalize all impedances to the characteristic impedance Z0, and
redraw the circuit of Figure 7.8b with voltage generators at the output ports as shown in
Figure 7.9. This network has been drawn in a form that is symmetric across the midplane;
the two source resistors of normalized value 2 combine in parallel to give a resistor of
normalized value 1, representing the impedance of a matched source. The quarter-wave
lines have a normalized characteristic impedance Z, and the shunt resistor has a normalized
value of r; we shall show that, for the equal-split power divider, these values should be
Z = √2 and r = 2, as given in Figure 7.8.