3.4. Ciliates
In terms of biomass, the organisms that were predominant in 2011 and 2012 were ciliates (mostly from Litostomatea), which de facto are not typical plant organisms, but were identified in photoplankton analysis owing to cell size. They constituted between 0.3% and 73% (spring 2011) and from 14% to 78% (spring 2012) of total phytoplankton biomass ( Fig. 4).
The highest BPA and NP concentrations were determined in spring 2012. OP concentrations were also slightly higher in spring 2012 compared to the year before (Fig. 2). That was influenced by lower total phytoplankton biomass in 2012, and probably the high proportion of cilitates which, thanks to their specific construction, can accumulate greater amounts of the studied compounds. Mesodinium rubrum (main ciliate representative) stands out among the other organisms identified in phytoplankton in terms of type of feeding (auto- and heterotrophic) and its body being covered in numerous cilia ( Crawford, 1987). It is therefore possible for EDCs to penetrate both alimentarily and through sorption onto the body of the ciliate.
In 2012 a statistically significant correlation was obtained between BPA and NP concentrations, and ciliate biomass, while a high correlation also emerged in spring 2012 for OP (Table 1). Higher OP and NP concentrations were also assayed in summer 2012, and BPA, OP and NP concentrations in autumn 2012 compared to 2011, when the proportion of ciliates was greater (Fig. 2 and Fig. 4). In autumn 2012, a statistically significant correlation between BPA and NP concentrations and ciliate biomass was determined (Table 1). The influence of even a small amount of ciliates on mercury concentration increase in phytoplankton from the Gulf of Gdansk was also indicated byBełdowska et al. (2014).
3.4. CiliatesIn terms of biomass, the organisms that were predominant in 2011 and 2012 were ciliates (mostly from Litostomatea), which de facto are not typical plant organisms, but were identified in photoplankton analysis owing to cell size. They constituted between 0.3% and 73% (spring 2011) and from 14% to 78% (spring 2012) of total phytoplankton biomass ( Fig. 4).The highest BPA and NP concentrations were determined in spring 2012. OP concentrations were also slightly higher in spring 2012 compared to the year before (Fig. 2). That was influenced by lower total phytoplankton biomass in 2012, and probably the high proportion of cilitates which, thanks to their specific construction, can accumulate greater amounts of the studied compounds. Mesodinium rubrum (main ciliate representative) stands out among the other organisms identified in phytoplankton in terms of type of feeding (auto- and heterotrophic) and its body being covered in numerous cilia ( Crawford, 1987). It is therefore possible for EDCs to penetrate both alimentarily and through sorption onto the body of the ciliate.In 2012 a statistically significant correlation was obtained between BPA and NP concentrations, and ciliate biomass, while a high correlation also emerged in spring 2012 for OP (Table 1). Higher OP and NP concentrations were also assayed in summer 2012, and BPA, OP and NP concentrations in autumn 2012 compared to 2011, when the proportion of ciliates was greater (Fig. 2 and Fig. 4). In autumn 2012, a statistically significant correlation between BPA and NP concentrations and ciliate biomass was determined (Table 1). The influence of even a small amount of ciliates on mercury concentration increase in phytoplankton from the Gulf of Gdansk was also indicated byBełdowska et al. (2014).
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