Since XAFS is an atomic probe, it places few constraints on the samples that can be studied. All atoms have core level electrons, and XAFS spectra can be measured for essentially every element on the periodic table. Importantly, crystallinity is not required for XAFS measurements, making it one of the few structural probes available for noncrystalline and highly disordered materials, including solutions. Because xrays are fairly penetrating in matter, XAFS is not inherently surface-sensitive, though special measurement techniques can be applied to enhance its surface sensitivity. In many cases, XAFS measurements can be made on elements of minority and even trace abundance, giving a unique and direct measurement of chemical and physical state of dilute species in a variety of systems.
Since XAFS is an atomic probe, it places few constraints on the samples that can be studied. All atoms have core level electrons, and XAFS spectra can be measured for essentially every element on the periodic table. Importantly, crystallinity is not required for XAFS measurements, making it one of the few structural probes available for noncrystalline and highly disordered materials, including solutions. Because xrays are fairly penetrating in matter, XAFS is not inherently surface-sensitive, though special measurement techniques can be applied to enhance its surface sensitivity. In many cases, XAFS measurements can be made on elements of minority and even trace abundance, giving a unique and direct measurement of chemical and physical state of dilute species in a variety of systems.
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