students cannot acquire statistical reasoning without knowing why and how the data
were collected. Scheaffer (1997, p. 156) also emphasizes the importance of knowing
“how the data originated [and] what the numbers might mean.” Moore (1998, p.
1263) perhaps sums up these concerns: “effective use of statistical reasoning
requires considering the zeroth problem and interpretation of formal results in the
context of a specific setting.” The implication is that statistical thinking involves
going beyond and looking behind the data, and making connections to the context
from which they came