in these materials has led to
their use as electrolytes in a variety of
electrochemical applications. High temperature
solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for
electric power generation are now nearing
commercialization. Oxygen sensors
are widely used in combustion control,
especially in automobiles, atmosphere
control in furnaces, and as monitors of
oxygen concentration in molten metals.
Other applications include electrochemical
pumps for control of oxygen potential,
steam and CO2 electrolyzers, and
high temperature reactors for chemicals
production from hydrocarbons. Some of
these applications are discussed below