How people become infected with MERS-CoV has yet to be determined. As is discussed below, strains of MERS-CoV that match human strains and antibodies to MERS-CoV have been isolated from camels in Africa and the Middle East, and strong similarity has found between viruses isolated from humans, camels, and bats (Haagmans et al., 2013; Memish et al., 2013; WHO, 2014b). Although camels are suspected to be the primary source of infection for humans, the routes of direct or indirect transmission remain unknown and investigations are ongoing.