Overall, these results complement to the broader literature on the determinants of information seeking among clinicians. For example, research by Gorman and Helfand,[48] although focused on knowledge-based resources, reported information seeking was associated with the urgency of the patient's problem. A similar phenomenon was evident in this study, as an increasing number of diagnoses was associated with an increased odds of both types of system usage. Also focused on the use of knowledge-based resources, Ely and colleagues [49] identified a lack of time as a barrier; in like manner, we reported if the day had more encounters than average, the odds of routine usage decreased significantly. Lastly, investigators have begun to catalog the types of information desired by providers from HIE systems [46,50]. While our study does not look at system access for specific data elements, our measure of basic usage represents the factors associated with access of summary patient information.