For centuries the inhabitants of Surin were renowned for their ability to catch and train elephants, indispensible creatures employed in both labor and war. In fact the Thai elephant has had a historic importance to Thai culture in innumerable ways. A Thai elephant had even graced the national flag during the reign of King Rama II.
Elephant has played a significant role in Thailand's history and culture. It has been revered for centuries and now stands as a living symbol of Thailand. It was used in battles as well as a beast of burden for the logging industries. It also has a special religious significance to the Hindu and Buddhist faiths.
To celebrate the importance and significance of Thai elephants to its citizens, the government organized the Surin Elephant Round Up festival on an annual basis, since 1960.