Nanoparticles (NPs, size range 1–100 nm) have many interesting properties, as they bridge the gap between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures.(1, 2) Typically, the physical properties of bulk materials do not depend on the size of the sample, while at the nanoscale size-dependent properties are frequently encountered. Two contributing factors for the size dependence are (a) number of surface atoms whose percentage reduces as the NP size increases toward the bulk limit and (b) quantum confinement effects at the smallest length scales (<10 nm) where the electronic structure plays a significant role in determining the composition, stability, structure, and function of NPs.(3, 4)
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