In conclusion, we found that a meal containing RS4 and whey protein significantly increased fat oxidation and PYY (at 180 min post-ingestion) in healthy women. The magnitude of change in fat oxidation is biologically relevant and could have important implications for body weight control if maintained under chronic conditions. Our data also lend further support to previous reports demonstrating that whey protein increases subjective satiety and reduces hunger. Future studies should examine the discrepancy between animal and human literature regarding the effects of RS on circulating satiety and hunger signals.