We estimated annual survival and cause-specific mortality rates for adult swift foxes using the program Micromort (Heisey & Fuller 1985). Causes of mortality for swift foxes were determined by necropsy. We classified swift fox deaths as coyote predation if fox carcasses had haemorrhaging and puncture wounds consistent with that from coyote bite marks.We initially analysed the data
by biological season to meet the assumption of constant survival.