The study analyzes the data under a cross-section or between subjects’ method
with four factors: Turkish pre-service science teachers; Turkish graduate students
whose majors are in science education in U.S.; Turkish science education faculty
members with degrees from Turkish universities; and Turkish science education
faculty members who have earned science degrees from western universities. An
analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze data and “level of 0.05”
established. A p-value less than 0.05 will indicate that there is a significant difference
among the various group