There are two modes of operation in PAW, i.e., melt-in and keyhole.
When energy is transferred to a workpiece from plasma arc
the energy strikes the surface and immediately causes heating by
a combination of conduction of heat in the arc and conversion
of kinetic energy. If the rate at which energy is being deposited
exceeds the rate at which heat is being conducted away, the temperature
will rise to eventually cause melting and produce a fusion
weld. This mode of energy deposition and weld production is called
the melt-in mode or the conduction mode. If the density of the
energy coming from the plasma arc is high enough, the rate at which
it is deposited greatly exceeds the rate at which it is lost by being
conducted into the workpiece. In this case, the plasma arc can penetrate
through the molten pool and form a small throughout hole
in the weld pool, referred to as keyhole. Moving the welding torch
and the associated keyhole will cause the flow of the molten metal
surrounding the keyhole to the rear region where it re-solidifies to
form a weld bead. This is the keyhole mode in PAW [2]. Clearly, the
keyhole mode produces larger penetration than the melt-in mode.
This article provides an introduction to the basic principles of
plasma arc welding as well as a survey of the latest research and
There are two modes of operation in PAW, i.e., melt-in and keyhole.
When energy is transferred to a workpiece from plasma arc
the energy strikes the surface and immediately causes heating by
a combination of conduction of heat in the arc and conversion
of kinetic energy. If the rate at which energy is being deposited
exceeds the rate at which heat is being conducted away, the temperature
will rise to eventually cause melting and produce a fusion
weld. This mode of energy deposition and weld production is called
the melt-in mode or the conduction mode. If the density of the
energy coming from the plasma arc is high enough, the rate at which
it is deposited greatly exceeds the rate at which it is lost by being
conducted into the workpiece. In this case, the plasma arc can penetrate
through the molten pool and form a small throughout hole
in the weld pool, referred to as keyhole. Moving the welding torch
and the associated keyhole will cause the flow of the molten metal
surrounding the keyhole to the rear region where it re-solidifies to
form a weld bead. This is the keyhole mode in PAW [2]. Clearly, the
keyhole mode produces larger penetration than the melt-in mode.
This article provides an introduction to the basic principles of
plasma arc welding as well as a survey of the latest research and
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