It is unlikely that the wide variation in the avail- ability of PPH preparedness elements in these Thus, these data underscore the need for public health leaders and hospital administrators to thoroughly and objectively assess hospital-level PPH preparedness and develop targeted interventions. In addition, leaders should not underestimate the time and resources needed to ensure that all women who give birth in the United States have equal access to hospitals with all of the recommended PPH preparedness elements in place regardless of their race or ethnicity. These data will be infor-mative in guiding the development of other na-tional or state-based QI efforts that are designed to improve hospital-level PPH preparedness. One key component in the elimination of preventable and costly maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States is to increase hospital-level PPH preparedness.