In addition to the lack of qualified teachers, it is widely understood that what is expected from teachers these
days is multi-faceted. They are required to teach effectively in challenging environments; to make effective use
of information and communications technology (ICT) in their teaching; to cater to a variety of learning styles (as
elaborated in Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences, 1993); to conduct research aimed at improving the
quality of their teaching; and to deal effectively with multitudinous administrative tasks -- all of which to meet
up with the requirements for ‘Quality Assurance.’ Moreover, most Thai teachers of English, especially at the
secondary level, have to teach at least eighteen hours a week on average and often take on additional classes
outside regular school hours in order to supplement their relatively meager salaries. Because of overloaded
burden, their teaching styles start to fossilize into ones of rote-learning, teaching grammar and translation with
Thai as the medium of instruction, teacher-centered classroom activities, spoon-feeding, and so on.