DSSC assembling
DSSCs were assembled following the procedure de- scribed in the literature [7], the catalyst-coated counter electrode was placed on the top so that the conductive side of the counter electrode faces the TiO2 film. The iodide electrolyte solution (0.5 M potassium iodide mixed with
0.05 M iodine in water-free ethylene glycol) was placed at the edges of the plates. The liquid was drawn into the space between the electrodes by capillary action. Two binder clips were used to hold the electrodes together