ABSTRACT: During the past decades, Thailand has experienced mixed results of development. While success in economic progress has been achieved, improvements in social sector seem to lag far behind. Meanwhile, natural resources and environment have been deteriorated. An impact of rapid modernization on natural resources and environment has two dimensions: macro and micro. At the macro level, growth-oriented development has induced deforestation, high rate of energy consumption, wider use of hazardous chemical products without proper treatment, etc. At the micro or community level, economic progress is traded off with poorer environmental condition and lower social quality.