Bread making starts with mixing (wheat) flour, water, yeast, salt
and (optionally) other (minor) ingredients into dough, which then
undergoes fermentation, proofing and baking. Major bread quality
characteristics include its volume and crumb structure, which
depend on air incorporation during dough mixing and gas cell
stabilization during further stages of bread making (Gan, Ellis, &
Schofield, 1995). The glutenestarch matrix has been thought to
enclose and stabilize the expanding gas cells during fermentation
and early baking.