Materials and Methods
Salmonella isolates: Sixty four retail broiler meat,
and 79 chicken farm samples (41 cloacal swab, 7
intestine, 22 caecum and 9 gizzard), which were
determined as positive for Salmonella in our laboratory
from February 2006 to January 2009 were the sources of
these isolates. Isolates obtained from these sources had
been subjected to both biochemical identification by API
20E (Biomerieux, 20100, France), and serological
identification using Salmonella group-specific antisera
(Becton-Dickinson, USA).
Antimicrobial susceptibility test: Antimicrobial
profile of each Salmonella isolate was determined by the
disk agar diffusion method according to the guidelines of
the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (6) as
follows: A loopful of the Salmonella stock culture was
streaked onto 7% sterile sheep blood added Blood Agar
Base No:2 plate (Oxoid, CM0271) and incubated at 37°C
for 24 h. One colony per plate was transferred into 5 ml
of Tryptone Soya Broth (Oxoid, CM0129) and was
incubated at 37°C for 6 h. After turbidity adjustment to
0.5 McFarland by dilution, a sterile swab was dipped into
the inoculum and streaked onto Mueller-Hinton Agar
(Oxoid, CM0337) plate three times, where the plate was
turned 120° each time. Plates were allowed to dry
keeping the lid slightly apart for 1 h. The commercial
antibiotic discs were placed in such a way that their
centers were at least 30 mm apart and at least 10 mm
away from the edge of the plate. Plates were incubated at
37°C and examined at 18 and 24 h. Zone diameters of
complete inhibition were measured and the interpretation
was done following the recommendation of the disc
manufacturer. The 23 antimicrobial agents tested and
their corresponding concentrations were as follows:
Amikacin (AK, 30 μg, Oxoid CT0107B), Amoxycillin/
Clavulanic acid (AMC, 30 μg, Oxoid CT0223B),
Ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg, Oxoid CT0003B), Apramycin
(APR, 15μg, Oxoid CT0545B), Bacitracin (B, 10 units,
Oxoid CT0005B), Ceftiofur (EFT, 30 μg, Oxoid
CT1751B), Cephalexin (CL, 30 μg, Oxoid CT0007B),
Cephazolin (KZ, 30 μg, Oxoid CT0011B), Ciprofloxacin
(CIP, 1 μg, Oxoid CT0623B), Clindamycin (DA, 10 μg,
Oxoid CT0015B), Colistin sulphate (CT, 10 μg, Oxoid
CT0017B), Doxycycline hydrochloride (DO, 30 μg, Oxoid
CT0018B), Enrofloxacin (ENR, 5 μg, Oxoid CT0639B),
Erythromycin (E, 15 μg, Oxoid CT0020B), Gentamicin
(CN, 120 μg, Oxoid CT0794B), Neomycin (N, 30 μg,
Oxoid CT0033B), Oxytetracycline (OT, 30 μg, Oxoid
CT0041B), Penicillin G (P, 10 units, Oxoid CT0043B),
Rifampicin (RD, 5 μg, Oxoid CT0207B), Spiramycin
(SP, 100 μg, Oxoid CT0232B), Streptomycin (S, 10 μg,
Oxoid CT0047B), Sulphamethoxazole/Trimethoprim
19:1 (SXT, 25 μg, Oxoid CT0052B), Tetracycline (TE,
10 μg, Oxoid CT0053B). The reference bacterial strains
E. coli (ATCC 25922) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923)
were used as quality control strains following the
recommendations of CLSI (6).
Materials and MethodsSalmonella isolates: Sixty four retail broiler meat,and 79 chicken farm samples (41 cloacal swab, 7intestine, 22 caecum and 9 gizzard), which weredetermined as positive for Salmonella in our laboratoryfrom February 2006 to January 2009 were the sources ofthese isolates. Isolates obtained from these sources hadbeen subjected to both biochemical identification by API20E (Biomerieux, 20100, France), and serologicalidentification using Salmonella group-specific antisera(Becton-Dickinson, USA).Antimicrobial susceptibility test: Antimicrobialprofile of each Salmonella isolate was determined by thedisk agar diffusion method according to the guidelines ofthe Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (6) asfollows: A loopful of the Salmonella stock culture wasstreaked onto 7% sterile sheep blood added Blood AgarBase No:2 plate (Oxoid, CM0271) and incubated at 37°Cfor 24 h. One colony per plate was transferred into 5 mlof Tryptone Soya Broth (Oxoid, CM0129) and wasincubated at 37°C for 6 h. After turbidity adjustment to0.5 McFarland by dilution, a sterile swab was dipped intothe inoculum and streaked onto Mueller-Hinton Agar(Oxoid, CM0337) plate three times, where the plate wasturned 120° each time. Plates were allowed to drykeeping the lid slightly apart for 1 h. The commercialantibiotic discs were placed in such a way that theircenters were at least 30 mm apart and at least 10 mmห่างจากขอบของแผ่น แผ่นก็ incubated ที่37° C และตรวจสอบที่ 18 และ 24 h. โซนสมมาตรของยับยั้งการสมบูรณ์ที่วัด และการตีความทำตามคำแนะนำของดิสก์ผู้ผลิต ตัวแทนจุลินทรีย์ที่ 23 ทดสอบ และความเข้มข้นของพวกเขาที่เกี่ยวข้องมีดังนี้:Amikacin (AK, μg 30, Oxoid CT0107B), Amoxycillin /กรด Clavulanic (AMC, μg 30, Oxoid CT0223B),แอมพิซิลลิน (แอมป์ 10 μg, Oxoid CT0003B), Apramycin(APR, 15μg, Oxoid CT0545B), Bacitracin (B, 10 หน่วยOxoid CT0005B), Ceftiofur (EFT, 30 μg, OxoidCT1751B), Cephalexin (CL, μg 30, Oxoid CT0007B),Cephazolin (KZ, μg 30, Oxoid CT0011B), Ciprofloxacin(CIP, 1 μg, Oxoid CT0623B), Clindamycin (ดา 10 μgOxoid CT0015B), ซัลเฟต Colistin (CT, 10 μg, OxoidCT0017B), ดอกซีไซคลีนไฮโดรคลอไรด์ (โด 30 μg, OxoidCT0018B), Enrofloxacin (ENR, μg 5, Oxoid CT0639B),Erythromycin (E, μg 15, Oxoid CT0020B), Gentamicin(CN, 120 μg, Oxoid CT0794B), นีโอมัยซิน (N, 30 μgOxoid CT0033B), ออกซิเตตราไซคลีน (OT, 30 μg, OxoidCT0041B), ยาเพนนิซิลลิน G (P, 10 หน่วย Oxoid CT0043B),Rifampicin (RD, μg 5, Oxoid CT0207B), Spiramycin(SP, 100 μg, Oxoid CT0232B), Streptomycin (S, 10 μgOxoid CT0047B), Sulphamethoxazole/ไตร เมโทพริม19:1 (SXT, 25 μg, Oxoid CT0052B), เตตราไซคลีน (TE10 μg, Oxoid CT0053B) สายพันธุ์แบคทีเรียอ้างอิงE. coli (ATCC 25922) และหมอเทศข้างลาย S. (ATCC 25923)ใช้เป็นสายพันธุ์คุณภาพตามrecommendations of CLSI (6).
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