After each writing task, each student was given feedback in a face-to-face consultation (Fig. 2) that included the presentation of pertinent
video game clips. Students were briefed on speaking tasks using images of different game scenes. To avoid bias based on the appearance or
voice of the instructor, the instructions and feedback were provided by an instructor who always wore the same uniform and spoke in
a similar voice and tone. The preliminary stage of reciting the background story was intended as a simple storytelling task in which the story
content would be provided, whereas the hunting-ground story and the combat-field story were used as advanced content requiring more
sophisticated speaking strategies involving summarization and description of one’s own gaming behaviors.