This is what is commonly referred to as"adaptive management" and it is critical to the success of policy reform efforts. It is also worth noting that feedback comes from not only the targets and those affected by policy reform but also by those participating in the policy reform process. As we shall see later, the more participatory the diagnosis, design and implementation process, the more feedback that can be used to refine the policy. As the subsequent discussion and case studies will show, policy reform and institutional capacity-building are highly dynamic processes.