1. Introduction
Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier with a high calorific value of
242 kJ/mol. The conventional processes for hydrogen production,
such as water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, gasification,
and water gas shift reaction, are efficient and contribute to most
of the produced hydrogen worldwide (Obradovic´ et al., 2013a,b).
However, these processes require large energy input from fossil
fuels. Biohydrogen production from renewable resources of waste
biomass, which has attracted increasing attention, is a promising
process that combines waste minimization and energy recovery
(Wang and Wan, 2009). Biohydrogen production and upgrading
are important parts of current bio-refinery technologies that focus
on high value added chemicals for pharmaceutical, cosmetics,