Of all current threats to cybersecurity, botnets are at the top of the list. In consequence, interest in this
problem is increasing rapidly among the research community and the number of publications on the question
has grown exponentially in recent years. This article proposes a taxonomy of botnet research and presents
a survey of the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all these contributions. Furthermore, we hope
to provide researchers with a clear perspective of the gaps that remain to be filled in our defenses against
botnets. The taxonomy is based upon the botnet’s life-cycle, defined as the sequence of stages a botnet needs
to pass through in order to reach its goal.
This approach allows us to consider the problem of botnets from a global perspective, which constitutes a
key difference from other taxonomies that have been proposed. Under this novel taxonomy, we conclude that
all attempts to defeat botnets should be focused on one or more stages of this life-cycle. In fact, the sustained
hindering of any of the stages makes it possible to thwart a botnet’s progress and thus render it useless. We
test the potential capabilities of our taxonomy by means of a survey of current botnet research, and find it
genuinely useful in understanding the focus of the different contributions in this field.
Of all current threats to cybersecurity, botnets are at the top of the list. In consequence, interest in thisproblem is increasing rapidly among the research community and the number of publications on the questionhas grown exponentially in recent years. This article proposes a taxonomy of botnet research and presentsa survey of the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all these contributions. Furthermore, we hopeto provide researchers with a clear perspective of the gaps that remain to be filled in our defenses againstbotnets. The taxonomy is based upon the botnet’s life-cycle, defined as the sequence of stages a botnet needsto pass through in order to reach its goal.This approach allows us to consider the problem of botnets from a global perspective, which constitutes akey difference from other taxonomies that have been proposed. Under this novel taxonomy, we conclude thatall attempts to defeat botnets should be focused on one or more stages of this life-cycle. In fact, the sustainedhindering of any of the stages makes it possible to thwart a botnet’s progress and thus render it useless. Wetest the potential capabilities of our taxonomy by means of a survey of current botnet research, and find itgenuinely useful in understanding the focus of the different contributions in this field.
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