Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) promotes active student engagement and increased learning by intentionally linking out-of-class and in-class activities. To begin, students answer a small set of web-based questions on upcoming course material outside of class and submit their responses online a few hours before class begins. Once submitted, the instructor reviews the students' JiTT responses and develops in-class active-learning exercises targeting learning gaps identified in the JiTT responses - "just in time" for class