Additional considerations included the magnitude of the effect, presence or absence
of a dose-response gradient, and direction of plausible biases. GRADE tables from
systematic reviews were cross-checked, and a discussion on benefits and harms, values
and preferences of health care providers and policy-makers, and whether costs are
qualitatively justifiable compared to the benefits in LMICs was drafted. No efforts were
made to collate the values and preferences of the persons addressed by the guidelines (i.e.
mothers). Data from observational studies were considered to have a risk of bias, thereb