Theoretical foundations
2.1
Six TQM dimensions, obtained from the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) model adopted as the TQM practices for the present study. The six TQM concepts consist of leadership, strategic planning, customer focus,human resource management, process management and information and analysis. The MBNQA model has been adopted for several reasons:
1.The six dimensions of TQM are adopted by numeruss researchers and academicians to signify the TQM practices for their own studies.
2. SuchTQM model has been proven vital for many private and public firms in the US to develop and revolutionize their management principles, helping firm to gain competitive advantage
3. The MBNQA model incorporates both the soft and hard elements of TQM
4. The MBNQA model is also adopted by many high-tech industrialized countries such as the United States, Europe,Japan and Australia, in which it helps the firm in these counties to attain sustainable advantage
2.2 KM Theory
Knowledge, as described by, is an intangible asset that is close to impossible to imitate and it is viewed as a competitive instrument that should be managed effectively by every organization. There are basically two forms of knowledge explicit and tacit. In accordance to, KM can also be defined as transforming tacit into explicit knowledge, so that such knowledge can flow freely throughout the entire organization. In the present study, three dimensions comprising of knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and application were selected in this study. Firstly, it is vital that firms acquire knowledge from suppliers, employees and customers consistently to ensure continuous improvement in both product and service quality. By doing so, companies can also better understand the financial status of the firms, the skills and experiences of their employees and customers’ product preferences which in turn assists firms to store up knowledge and at the same time ensuring that assurance in quality is met in every single aspect. In order to ensure that quality is maintained within a firm, it is essential that employees involved themselves in the dissemination of knowledge. It is mainly through the involvement of every employee can only quality be improved to its maximum. Lastly, knowledge gained and shared needs to be applied and responded, according to. Organization needs to respond to knowledge obtained from customers as well as knowledge shared among employees in order to improve the overall company processes and the final products they produced.
3. Relationship between TQM and KM
3.1 Leadership
Several researchers have acknowledge the prominent role played by leaders in inculcating a healthy KM atmosphere to ensure KM initiatives are implemented successfully. It is essential for top management to be conscious that they are in a position of influence, at the same time they need to possess the ability and authority to implement and improve the KM activities in their firms. Such a relationship between leadership and learning organization has been empirically assessed by among the Malaysian manufacturing firms and has been concluded to be a positive and significantly related. Thus, a strong proposition has been made of managers to submerge themselves in the distribution, acquisition and application of knowledge to demonstrate their fervent support towards their companies’ KM programs and policies
Specifically, leaders play a vital role in the knowledge acquisition of their firms. conducted a research in Australia, investigating on whether the style of a leader will enable or disable knowledge acquisition among self-managed teams in a large high-technology manufacturing (aerospace) organization. Data from 239 samples was collected from self-managing employees who are involved in the design and manufacture of aerospace products, whereby such an engagement demands high levels of knowledge acquisition skills. SEM was used and the result confirmed that transformational leadership style was found to have positive and significant association with knowledge acquisition.
To initiate the knowledge sharing process, the leader assumed a very important position as he/she must have the ability to draw people to participate in the process. Past researches in the likes of have proven that the support from team leader can bring positive effects on knowledge sharing within team members.
Conducted an empirical study among software development project team in Sri Lanka to investigate how a team leader can support voluntary knowledge sharing. Regression analysis was carried out on the sampled data of 150 software developers. However, team leader did not show positive and significant association with knowledge sharing. As majority of the past researches still provide the evidence that leaders play a pivotal role to make knowledge sharing happen, therefore it is hypothesized that leadership is a significant predictor of knowledge distribution in this study.
A leader also has the ability to exert influence on knowledge processes across their organization units. Past literature has identified how managers can recruit, engage members and sort out relevant knowledge, encourage and support interactions among their staff members, in which all these can promote the frequency and quality of interaction among their organizational members. A pro-active leader is more likely to identify and disseminate relevant information and subsequently, knowledge could be shared among members within the organization, as well emphasizing on the application of knowledge, as proven in the study of. Therefore, the following hypotheses are suggested:
H1a. Leadership has positively effect on knowledge acquisition.
H1b. Leadership has positively effect on knowledge acquisition.
H1c. Leadership has positively effect on knowledge acquisition.
Theoretical foundations
2.1
Six TQM dimensions, obtained from the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) model adopted as the TQM practices for the present study. The six TQM concepts consist of leadership, strategic planning, customer focus,human resource management, process management and information and analysis. The MBNQA model has been adopted for several reasons:
1.The six dimensions of TQM are adopted by numeruss researchers and academicians to signify the TQM practices for their own studies.
2. SuchTQM model has been proven vital for many private and public firms in the US to develop and revolutionize their management principles, helping firm to gain competitive advantage
3. The MBNQA model incorporates both the soft and hard elements of TQM
4. The MBNQA model is also adopted by many high-tech industrialized countries such as the United States, Europe,Japan and Australia, in which it helps the firm in these counties to attain sustainable advantage
2.2 KM Theory
Knowledge, as described by, is an intangible asset that is close to impossible to imitate and it is viewed as a competitive instrument that should be managed effectively by every organization. There are basically two forms of knowledge explicit and tacit. In accordance to, KM can also be defined as transforming tacit into explicit knowledge, so that such knowledge can flow freely throughout the entire organization. In the present study, three dimensions comprising of knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and application were selected in this study. Firstly, it is vital that firms acquire knowledge from suppliers, employees and customers consistently to ensure continuous improvement in both product and service quality. By doing so, companies can also better understand the financial status of the firms, the skills and experiences of their employees and customers’ product preferences which in turn assists firms to store up knowledge and at the same time ensuring that assurance in quality is met in every single aspect. In order to ensure that quality is maintained within a firm, it is essential that employees involved themselves in the dissemination of knowledge. It is mainly through the involvement of every employee can only quality be improved to its maximum. Lastly, knowledge gained and shared needs to be applied and responded, according to. Organization needs to respond to knowledge obtained from customers as well as knowledge shared among employees in order to improve the overall company processes and the final products they produced.
3. Relationship between TQM and KM
3.1 Leadership
Several researchers have acknowledge the prominent role played by leaders in inculcating a healthy KM atmosphere to ensure KM initiatives are implemented successfully. It is essential for top management to be conscious that they are in a position of influence, at the same time they need to possess the ability and authority to implement and improve the KM activities in their firms. Such a relationship between leadership and learning organization has been empirically assessed by among the Malaysian manufacturing firms and has been concluded to be a positive and significantly related. Thus, a strong proposition has been made of managers to submerge themselves in the distribution, acquisition and application of knowledge to demonstrate their fervent support towards their companies’ KM programs and policies
Specifically, leaders play a vital role in the knowledge acquisition of their firms. conducted a research in Australia, investigating on whether the style of a leader will enable or disable knowledge acquisition among self-managed teams in a large high-technology manufacturing (aerospace) organization. Data from 239 samples was collected from self-managing employees who are involved in the design and manufacture of aerospace products, whereby such an engagement demands high levels of knowledge acquisition skills. SEM was used and the result confirmed that transformational leadership style was found to have positive and significant association with knowledge acquisition.
To initiate the knowledge sharing process, the leader assumed a very important position as he/she must have the ability to draw people to participate in the process. Past researches in the likes of have proven that the support from team leader can bring positive effects on knowledge sharing within team members.
Conducted an empirical study among software development project team in Sri Lanka to investigate how a team leader can support voluntary knowledge sharing. Regression analysis was carried out on the sampled data of 150 software developers. However, team leader did not show positive and significant association with knowledge sharing. As majority of the past researches still provide the evidence that leaders play a pivotal role to make knowledge sharing happen, therefore it is hypothesized that leadership is a significant predictor of knowledge distribution in this study.
A leader also has the ability to exert influence on knowledge processes across their organization units. Past literature has identified how managers can recruit, engage members and sort out relevant knowledge, encourage and support interactions among their staff members, in which all these can promote the frequency and quality of interaction among their organizational members. A pro-active leader is more likely to identify and disseminate relevant information and subsequently, knowledge could be shared among members within the organization, as well emphasizing on the application of knowledge, as proven in the study of. Therefore, the following hypotheses are suggested:
H1a. Leadership has positively effect on knowledge acquisition.
H1b. Leadership has positively effect on knowledge acquisition.
H1c. Leadership has positively effect on knowledge acquisition.
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