Worldwide, CS that are possibly, in the large majority at least, medically unnecessary appear to
command a disproportionate share of global economic resources. Since these resources could
potentially be directed towards other, medically necessary, objectives, both in the countries
where the 'excess' procedures occur and elsewhere, in the face of limited resources, 'excess' CS
(as well as other overused procedures, drugs and services) can function as a potent barrier to
universal coverage with necessary health services. 'Excess' CS can therefore have important
negative implications for health equity both within and across countries.