Pulmonary vein stenosis may produce no symptoms or one of the following: chest pain, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, recurrent lung infections, or symptoms of pulmonary hypertension. Nursing management includes educating the patient on possible symptoms and on the need to report signs and symptoms to the electrophysiology team promptly, rather than assume the problem is respiratory and seek care from a pulmonary or other specialist. Treatment consists of angioplasty or stenting to widen the diameter of the pulmonary veins.