recovery of energy from waste incineration or the combustion of landfill gas. Many wastes. including municipal solid waste, sewage sludge and scrap tyres, contain an organic fraction which can be burnt in an incinerator. the energy is recovered via a boiler to provide hot water for district heating of buildings or high temperature steam foe electricity generation. The incinerator installation represents a high initial capital cost and sophisticated emissions control measures are required to clean-up the flue gases.