ABSTRACT Plant hormones have been extensively studied for their importance in innate immunity particularly in the
dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, only in the last decade, plant hormones were demonstrated
to play conserved and divergent roles in fine-tuning immune responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a monocotyledonous
model crop plant. Emerging evidence showed that salicylic acid (SA) plays a role in rice basal defense but is differentially
required by rice pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and resistance (R) protein-mediated immunity, and its function is
likely dependent on the signaling pathway rather than the change of endogenous levels. Jasmonate (JA) plays an important
role in rice basal defense against bacterial and fungal infection and may be involved in the SA-mediated resistance.
Ethylene (ET) can act as a positive or negative modulator of disease resistance, depending on the pathogen type and
environmental conditions. Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and abscisic acid (ABA) either promote or defend against infection
of pathogens with distinct infection/colonization strategies. Auxin and gibberellin (GA) are generally thought of as
negative regulators of innate immunity in rice. Moreover, GA interacts antagonistically with JA signaling in rice development
and immunity through the DELLA protein as a master regulator of the two hormone pathways. In this review,
we summarize the roles of plant hormones in rice immunity and discuss their interplay/crosstalk mechanisms and the
complex regulatory network of plant hormone pathways in fine-tuning rice immunity and growth.