In the 1970s and 1980s, a variety of other regional organizations emerged, often cutting across the previous arrangements. With Nigerian leadership, the Economic Community of ECOWAS was created in 1975 between the francophone countries which are also members of WAEMU, and the anglophone countries of West Africa. A Preferential Trade Area cutting across eastern and southern Africa was created in 1981. This was succeeded in 1994 by the COMESA, which in 2009 had 19 member states stretching from Libya to Madagascar. In 1983, the French Central African countries, together with the members of the Economic Community of the Vreat Lakes Countries, created in 1976, and Sāo Tomé and Principe, created the ECCAS. Finally, straddling the continent from Senegal to Eritrea is the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD), established in 1998.