Particpation and Involvement increases the probability that people will be committed to implementing the change and, if their views are taken into account, this may enhance the effectiveness of the change programme. This method is particularly appropriate when the individuals initiating the change do not have all the necessary information to design a change programme and when thebpeople affected by the change have considetable power to resist it. However, as is the case with education and communication, this approach to dealing with resistance to change can be time consuming perticularly if it results in the design of an inappropriate change programme.