Kernel Organization
• Basic kernel facilities: timer and system-clock handling, descriptor
management, and process management
• Security features: conventional UNIX model, virtualization, event auditing, and cryptographic services
• Memory-management support: paging and swapping
• Generic system interfaces: the I/O, control, and multiplexing
operations performed on descriptors
• Filesystems: files, directories, pathname translation, file locking, and I/O buffer management
• Terminal-handling support: the pseudo-terminal interface and terminal line disciplines
• Interprocess-communication facilities: sockets
• Support for network communication: communication protocols and generic network facilities, such as routing