In 1942, Ziegler-Nichols presented a tuning formula [6,
13, 14], based on time response and experiences. Although it
lacks selection of parameters and has an excessive overshoot
in time response, still opens the way of tuning parameters.
Modified Ziegler-Nichols tuning based on Chien-Hrones-
Reswick (CHR) PID tuning formula [15] for set-point
regulation accommodate the response speed and overshoot.
The other method used is a population-based optimization
method first proposed by Eberhart and Colleagues [1, 2].
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has attractive features like,
ease of implementation and the fact that no gradient
information is required. It can be used to solve a wide array of
different optimization problems. Like evolutionary algorithms,
PSO technique conducts search using a population of particles,
corresponding to individuals. Each particle represents a
candidate solution to the problem at hand thus has more
efficiency for finding problem solution.
Control System Design and Analysis Technologies are widely
suppress and very useful to be applied in real-time development.
Some can be solved by hardware technology and by the advance
used of software, control system are analyzed easily and detail.
DC Motors can be used in various applications and can be used as
various sizes and rates. Today their uses isn’t limited in the car
applications (electrics vehicle), in applications of weak power
using battery system (motor of toy) or for the electric traction
in the multi-machine systems too. The speed of DC motor can
be adjusted to a great extent as to provide controllability easy
and high performance.
In this paper, an optimal PI-PSO controller, PID-ZN
controller and PID-MZN controller are developed for DC
motor speed control. The performance measure to be
minimized contains the following objectives of the PID
controller, that will be studied separately,
1. Minimize the rise time, time required for system
response to rise from 10% to 90% (over damped); 5%
to 95%; 0% to 100% (Under damped) of the final
steady state value of the desired response,
2. Minimize the maximum overshoot, Maximum
overshoot is the maximum peak value of the response
curve measured from the desired response of the
system, and
3. Minimize the settling time, Time required for
response to reach and stay within 2% of final value.
II. DC MOTOR MODEL
This DC motor system is a separately excited DC motor
[7]-[10], which is often used to the velocity tuning and the
position adjustment. This paper focuses on the study of DC
motor linear speed control, therefore, the separately excited DC