Conclusion
Focusing on even small triumphs will help older adult embark on a life without tobacco or alcohol. They can learn new ways of dealing with stress, such as anticipating and avoiding temptation to smoke and drink, developing strategies to deal with negative moods, avoiding relationships that exploit substance triggers, and finding new ways to attain pleasure and reward. Skill training in self-monitoring of situations and feelings is one way to increase early identification of craving, triggers, or situational cues that can place one at risk for use. Self-monitoring increases feelings of competency and control by placing the older adult in charge of the behavior change process. Affirmation and support are critical to staying focused toward positive behavior change. Feedback from peers can reinforce the positives associated with behavior change and emphasize consequences of continued abuse of alcohol or prescription medication. Recommendations for self-help or support groups can assist in abstinence and provide social support and affirmation.
Use of the client-centered counseling approaches that recognize the older adult’s developmental need for autonomy and choice in decision making have been shown to be effective in increasing motivation. Independence can be supported through meeting competence needs and self-stated goals. Through the therapeutic relationship, nurse can advise the older adult to engage in healthy behaviors. Though effective use of empathy, nurse can help preserve decision making and self-efficacy. Supporting older adults at all point in their process of change can motivate movement toward small positive changes. Although further research is needed to identify specific motivational incentives and the exact nature of the reward systems, addressing tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use in older adults can enhance not only life span of this population but overall quality of life.
Conclusion Focusing on even small triumphs will help older adult embark on a life without tobacco or alcohol. They can learn new ways of dealing with stress, such as anticipating and avoiding temptation to smoke and drink, developing strategies to deal with negative moods, avoiding relationships that exploit substance triggers, and finding new ways to attain pleasure and reward. Skill training in self-monitoring of situations and feelings is one way to increase early identification of craving, triggers, or situational cues that can place one at risk for use. Self-monitoring increases feelings of competency and control by placing the older adult in charge of the behavior change process. Affirmation and support are critical to staying focused toward positive behavior change. Feedback from peers can reinforce the positives associated with behavior change and emphasize consequences of continued abuse of alcohol or prescription medication. Recommendations for self-help or support groups can assist in abstinence and provide social support and affirmation. Use of the client-centered counseling approaches that recognize the older adult’s developmental need for autonomy and choice in decision making have been shown to be effective in increasing motivation. Independence can be supported through meeting competence needs and self-stated goals. Through the therapeutic relationship, nurse can advise the older adult to engage in healthy behaviors. Though effective use of empathy, nurse can help preserve decision making and self-efficacy. Supporting older adults at all point in their process of change can motivate movement toward small positive changes. Although further research is needed to identify specific motivational incentives and the exact nature of the reward systems, addressing tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use in older adults can enhance not only life span of this population but overall quality of life.
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